LeVo: High-Quality Song Generation with Multi-Preference Alignment

Dong Yu (Tencent AI Lab) · Shuai Wang (Nanjing University) · Yixuan Zhang (Tencent America) · Chenyu Yang (The Chinese University of HongKong, Shenzhen) · Hangting Chen (Tencent AI Lab) · Shun Lei (Tsinghua University) · Yaoxun XU · ZhiweiLin (Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts at Amherst) · Huaicheng Zhang (Wuhan University) · Wei tan (Tencent AI Lab) · Haina Zhu (Shanghai Jiaotong University) · Zhiyong Wu (Tsinghua University, Tsinghua University)
ablation studiesaudio language modelsdecoder-only transformersdirect preference optimizationdual-track tokenslyrics-to-song generationmixed tokensmodular extension trainingmulti-preference alignmentobjective metricssemi-automatic data constructionsong generationsubjective metricsvocal-instrument harmony

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and audio language models have significantly improved music generation, particularly in lyrics-to-song generation. However, existing approaches still struggle with the complex composition of songs and the scarcity of high-quality data, leading to limitations in audio quality, musicality, instruction following, and vocal-instrument harmony. To address these challenges, we introduce LeVo, a language model based framework consisting of LeLM and Music Codec. LeLM is capable of parallel modeling of two types of tokens: mixed tokens, which represent the combined audio of vocals and accompaniment to achieve better vocal-instrument harmony, and dual-track tokens, which separately encode vocals and accompaniment for high-quality song generation. It employs two decoder-only transformers and a modular extension training strategy to prevent interference between different token types. To further enhance musicality and instruction following ability, we introduce a multi-preference alignment method based on Direct Preference Optimization (DPO). This method handles diverse human preferences through a semi-automatic data construction process and post-training. Experimental results demonstrate that LeVo significantly outperforms existing open-source methods in both objective and subjective metrics, while performing competitively with industry systems. Ablation studies further justify the effectiveness of our designs. Audio examples and source code are available at https://levo-demo.github.io and https://github.com/tencent-ailab/songgeneration.